Development of participatory injury prevention model to improve safety behaviors among informal workers : case study of snakeskins gourami fish processor, Samutprakarn province
Abstract:
This research aim to develop participatory injury prevention model among informal workers in the snakeskin gourami fish processor. The research procedure was divided into 2 phases. Firstly, model development from literature review of work injury prevention and trial among 30 participants, and secondly, model adjustment from the result of the first phase. The study design was quasi - experimental with pre and posttest design. The intervention model was implemented for 12 weeks. There were 82 subjects selected by purposive sampling, and were divided into the experimental group and the control group of 41 each. The evaluation of the model was measured by safety behaviors using a questionnaire before and after the intervention every 2 weeks, totally 7 repeats. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics in terms of percentage and mean of the general characteristics, and safety behaviors of the subjects. Inferential statistics were used to compare means of safety behaviors before and after the intervention at 2 to 12 weeks by repeated measures ANOVA. Comparison of means of safety behaviors, before the intervention between the experiment and control groups was conducted with independent sample t-test and after the intervention with Man Whitney U-test. The results revealed that most subjects used to have accident from work (56.10%). The majority of the subjects had accident from sharp objects cut or wound (45.10%) and the wounds were on the fingers (39.0%). The result of the model development in the first phase revealed a suitable model for implementing on the subjects. There were 5 elements included (1) Hazard identification (2) Safety education (3) Safety behavior observation (4) Safety motivation and (5) Participation. The result of the model implementation revealed that mean safety behaviors of the experiment group after the intervention was significantly higher than before the intervention at 0.05 level (p=0.001) and mean safety behaviors of the experiment group was significantly higher than the control group after the intervention at 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 weeks, respectively (p=0.001). The results showed that model development of this study increased safety behavior in snakeskin gourami fish processing workers. Thus, this model could be used by the primary health care unit and the stakeholders as a guideline for safety behavior promotion among the informal workers in community to decrease the occupational incidents.